Artaxerxes
Artaxerxes was the king of Persia who authorized both major waves of Judah's restoration: he granted Ezra a decree, resources, and authority to teach the Law and beautify the temple, and later released his cupbearer Nehemiah to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. Though he had earlier halted the work at the accusation of Judah's enemies, his favor toward Ezra and Nehemiah made him an instrument of God's covenant faithfulness to His people.
Biography
- Occupation
- King of Persia
- Era
- Return from Exile
- Nationality
- Persian
Did You Know?
Artaxerxes I authorized both great waves of Judah's restoration, giving Ezra sweeping authority and funds (Ezra 7) and later releasing his own cupbearer Nehemiah to rebuild Jerusalem's walls (Nehemiah 2).
As a royal cupbearer, Nehemiah held a position of extraordinary trust and access - responsible for the king's safety against poison - which is why Artaxerxes noticed his sadness and granted his bold request.
The decree of Artaxerxes is one of the anchor points interpreters use for the 'seventy weeks' prophecy of Daniel 9, tying Persian imperial policy to the biblical timeline of the Messiah.
Key Chapters
Key Passages
The Decree to Ezra
Ezra 7:11-26
Artaxerxes empowers Ezra with a royal letter, funds, and authority to restore worship in Jerusalem.
11ow this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel.
Nehemiah Sent to Rebuild
Nehemiah 2:1-8
The king grants his cupbearer Nehemiah leave, letters, and timber to rebuild Jerusalem's walls.
1nd it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him: and I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence.