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Hoshea

Portrait of Hoshea

Hoshea was the last king of the northern kingdom of Israel, coming to power by assassinating Pekah. He became a vassal of Assyria but secretly sought help from Egypt and withheld tribute, provoking Shalmaneser to besiege Samaria. After a three-year siege the city fell, and Israel was carried into Assyrian exile - the end of the ten northern tribes as a kingdom.

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Biography

Occupation
Last King of Israel
Father
Elah
Era
Divided Kingdom / Fall of Israel
Nationality
Israelite

Family

Parents
Elah
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Hoshea
Old Testament Divided Kingdom King 2 Kings Exile

Did You Know?

1

Hoshea was the final king of the northern kingdom; his rebellion against Assyria - secretly appealing to Egypt while withholding tribute - triggered the three-year siege that ended Israel as a nation (2 Kings 17:4-6).

2

The fall of Samaria under Hoshea scattered the ten northern tribes into Assyrian exile, giving rise to the enduring legend of the 'Lost Tribes of Israel.'

3

The narrator pauses after Samaria's fall to deliver a long theological explanation (2 Kings 17:7-23) of why Israel was exiled, making Hoshea's reign the hinge of the entire Kings narrative.

Key Chapters

Key Passages

The Fall of Samaria

2 Kings 17:1-6

Hoshea's rebellion against Assyria ends with the siege and fall of Samaria and the exile of Israel.

I1n the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him. 3 Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. 4 And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison. 5 Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years. 6 In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

Read full chapter: 2 Kings 17 โ†’

Why Israel Was Exiled

2 Kings 17:7-18

The narrator explains that Israel fell because they sinned against the LORD who had brought them out of Egypt.

F7or so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

8 And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made. 9 And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. 10 And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree: 11 And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger: 12 For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing. 13 Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. 14 Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God. 15 And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them. 16 And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. 17 And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. 18 Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

Read full chapter: 2 Kings 17 โ†’