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Death of James and Peter's Escape

Illustration of Death of James and Peter's Escape
Era
Early Church
Date
c. AD 44 ≈ Approximate
Historical Source
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 19.8.2 (death of Herod Agrippa I)
Reference
Acts 12:1-19
Herod killed James with the sword and put Peter in chains, but the church prayed and an angel opened the prison gate.

About the time of the great famine foretold by Agabus, King Herod Agrippa I stretched forth his hands to vex the church in Jerusalem. He killed James the brother of John with the sword, the first of the twelve apostles to be martyred, and when he saw that it pleased the Jews, he seized Peter as well during the days of unleavened bread and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers. While prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him, the angel of the Lord came to Peter on the night before Herod would have brought him forth; a light shined in the prison, his chains fell off, and the iron gate opened of its own accord. Peter went to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, where many were gathered praying, and the damsel Rhoda was so glad to hear his voice that she ran in to tell them without opening the gate. Not long afterward Herod himself was struck down at Caesarea.

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Did You Know?

1

James is the only one of the twelve apostles whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament.

2

Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, on the night before Herod planned to bring him out.

3

Herod Agrippa I died soon afterward at Caesarea, and Josephus also describes his sudden death, dated to AD 44.

Key Passage

Death of James and Peter's Escape

Acts 12:1-19

N1ow about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.

2 And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. 3 And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) 4 And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. 5 Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him. 6 And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison. 7 And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. 8 And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. 9 And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision. 10 When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him. 11 And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the LORD hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews. 12 And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying. 13 And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda. 14 And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate. 15 And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel. 16 But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished. 17 But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place. 18 Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter. 19 And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there abode.

Read full chapter: Acts 12 →

Meanwhile in the World

The Roman Empire under Nero, Vespasian, and Domitian. Nero persecutes Christians (AD 64). Jerusalem and its temple are destroyed by Rome (AD 70). Pompeii is buried by Vesuvius (AD 79). The Colosseum is built. This is the era of the Pax Romana's later years and increasing imperial cult pressure.

When: c. AD 30 - 100

Key Civilizations: Roman Empire (Flavian dynasty)

Biblical Parallels: Acts 1-28

Destruction of the Second Temple (70 AD), rise of rabbinic Judaism