Jerusalem Council
The first great theological crisis of the church: must Gentiles become Jews to follow Jesus?
The Jerusalem Council, described in Acts 15, was convened by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem around 50 AD to resolve a major dispute in the early church over whether Gentile converts must obey the full Mosaic law, especially circumcision, to be saved. After testimonies from Peter, Paul, and Barnabas about God's acceptance of Gentiles by faith, James delivered the council's judgment that such requirements were unnecessary, though believers should avoid idolatry, sexual immorality, blood, and strangled meat. This decision affirmed salvation by grace through faith alone rather than works of the law, prevented division between Jewish and Gentile Christians, and enabled the gospel's rapid expansion to non-Jewish populations throughout the Roman world.
Did You Know?
This event is dated to approximately c. AD 49 in biblical chronology.
Key figures involved: Paul, Peter, James Brother Of Jesus, Barnabas.
This took place at or near Jerusalem.
Key Passage
Jerusalem Council
Acts 15:1-29
1nd certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
Meanwhile in the World
The Roman Empire under Nero, Vespasian, and Domitian. Nero persecutes Christians (AD 64). Jerusalem and its temple are destroyed by Rome (AD 70). Pompeii is buried by Vesuvius (AD 79). The Colosseum is built. This is the era of the Pax Romana's later years and increasing imperial cult pressure.
Destruction of the Second Temple (70 AD), rise of rabbinic Judaism