Peter's Denial
Despite boldly insisting he would die before ever denying Jesus, Peter three times denied even knowing him during Jesus' trial before the high priest, the last time with cursing and swearing, exactly as Jesus had predicted he would before the cock crowed twice. In that instant the Lord turned and looked directly at Peter, and Peter, remembering Jesus' words, went out and wept bitterly - a devastating collapse of the disciple who had promised the most confidence. The episode became, through Peter's later restoration at the Sea of Galilee, one of Scripture's most powerful pictures of failure met by grace rather than final rejection.
Key Passage
Peter's Denial
Matthew 26:69-75
69ow Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee.
Meanwhile in the World
The Roman Empire is at its peak under Augustus and Tiberius (Pax Romana). Rome controls the entire Mediterranean world. Roads, common language (Greek), and peace make travel and communication easy - the 'fullness of time.' Herod the Great rules Judea as a client king.