Who was Jezebel in the Bible?
Jezebel was a Phoenician princess who married King Ahab of Israel, promoted worship of Baal and Asherah throughout the kingdom, and persecuted the prophets of the Lord - most famously threatening Elijah's life after his victory at Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18-19). She is remembered as one of the Bible's most notorious figures.
Jezebel was the daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Sidonians, and became queen of Israel through her marriage to King Ahab (1 Kings 16:31). She actively promoted the worship of Baal and Asherah in Israel, funding hundreds of their prophets at her own table (1 Kings 18:19) and, according to 1 Kings 18:4, "cut off the prophets of the LORD." After Elijah's dramatic victory over the prophets of Baal at Mount Carmel, Jezebel sent word threatening to kill him within a day, causing Elijah to flee into the wilderness in fear and despair (1 Kings 19:1-4). She is also directly implicated in the judicial murder of Naboth, orchestrating false witnesses to have him stoned so Ahab could seize his vineyard (1 Kings 21:1-16) - a crime for which Elijah pronounces judgment on both Ahab and Jezebel (1 Kings 21:17-24). Jezebel's eventual death fulfilled that prophecy exactly: thrown from a window at the command of Jehu, she was trampled and her body eaten by dogs (2 Kings 9:30-37). Her name became so associated with idolatry, manipulation, and persecution of God's people that it is used symbolically in Revelation 2:20 to describe a false teacher in the church at Thyatira.
Key Passages
Jezebel threatens Elijah's life
1 Kings 19:1-31 And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he had slain all the prophets with the sword. 2 Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying, So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to morrow about this time. 3 And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beersheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there.
Naboth's vineyard and Jezebel's plot
1 Kings 21:5-155 But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? 6 And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard. 7 And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. 8 So she wrote letters in Ahabโs name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth. 9 And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people: 10 And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. 11 And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them. 12 They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. 13 And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died. 14 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. 15 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead.
Jezebel's death
2 Kings 9:30-3730 And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window. 31 And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master? 32 And he lifted up his face to the window, and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs. 33 And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot. 34 And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said, Go, see now this cursed woman, and bury her: for she is a kingโs daughter. 35 And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands. 36 Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel: 37 And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is Jezebel.
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