Skip to main content

Witch of Endor

Portrait of Witch of Endor

The Witch of Endor was a medium whom King Saul secretly consulted before his final battle against the Philistines, after receiving no answers from God through prophets, dreams, or the Urim. Despite his own ban on sorcery, Saul had her summon the spirit of the prophet Samuel, who appeared and announced that Israel would lose the battle and that Saul and his sons would die the next day. This episode, recorded in 1 Samuel 28, illustrates Saulโ€™s deepening rebellion against Godโ€™s commands and marks a turning point that leads directly to his downfall on Mount Gilboa. It also reinforces the Mosaic Lawโ€™s explicit prohibition of necromancy and divination as practices that lead people away from reliance on the Lord.

0:00

Biography

Occupation
Medium, Spiritist
Era
United Kingdom (c. 1010 BC)
Nationality
Israelite
Also Known As
Medium of Endor
Old Testament United Kingdom Woman 1 Samuel

Did You Know?

1

In the original Hebrew text, the woman is termed a ba'alat ov, denoting a necromancer who summoned spirits via a ritual pit, a technique mirroring Canaanite and Mesopotamian ancestor cults rather than later European witchcraft stereotypes.

2

The medium initially failed to see Samuel's spirit herself and only recognized King Saul's identity after the apparition appeared, implying her usual rituals produced deceptive or lesser entities until divine intervention occurred.

3

Despite Saul's prior expulsion of all mediums from Israel to enforce Deuteronomic law, his nighttime journey to Endor reveals how military desperation overrode his own religious policies enacted years earlier.

4

Upon Samuel's rebuke, Saul collapsed in exhaustion, prompting the woman to slaughter her fatted calf and bake unleavened bread, an act of hospitality that contrasts with her condemned profession and marks Saul's final meal before his death.

5

The spirit is described as ascending like an elohim from the ground and accurately predicting the Israelite defeat, a detail that has prompted scholars to debate the account as either validating necromancy's power or serving as a warning against it.

Key Passages

Saul Consults the Medium

1 Samuel 28:3-25

This passage warns how fear can drive us from Godโ€™s ways, urging wholehearted trust in Him rather than forbidden shortcuts.

N3ow Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land.

4 And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa. 5 And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled. 6 And when Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets. 7 Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at Endor. 8 And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me him up, whom I shall name unto thee. 9 And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die? 10 And Saul sware to her by the LORD, saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing. 11 Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel. 12 And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul. 13 And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth. 14 And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself. 15 And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. 16 Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy? 17 And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David: 18 Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day. 19 Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines. 20 Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night. 21 And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me. 22 Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way. 23 But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed. 24 And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: 25 And she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that night.

Read full chapter: 1 Samuel 28 โ†’