Christian vs. Disciple
"Disciple" (a learner/follower) is the term used throughout the Gospels for those who followed Jesus during His earthly ministry; "Christian" is a slightly later term, first applied to believers in Antioch, emphasizing their identification with Christ specifically.
Point by Point
Christian
Disciple
When the term appears
Used constantly throughout the four Gospels for Jesus's followers.
First appears in Acts 11:26, describing believers in Antioch - well after Jesus's ascension.
Emphasis
Emphasizes learning, following, and imitating a teacher's way of life.
Emphasizes belonging to and being identified with Christ specifically.
Overlap
Every Christian is called to be a disciple - a lifelong learner and follower of Jesus.
The term became the common label as the movement spread beyond Jewish communities.
Scripture References
First Called Christians at Antioch
Acts 11:2626 And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.
States plainly when and where the term 'Christian' originated.
Go Ye Therefore and Teach All Nations
Matthew 28:19-2019 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: 20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
The Great Commission uses 'disciple' as the goal - making learners and followers of Jesus.
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