Soul vs. Spirit
The soul (Hebrew nephesh, Greek psyche) is the seat of personality, emotion, and will - what makes you distinctly you; the spirit (Hebrew ruach, Greek pneuma) is the part of a person capable of direct relationship with God.
Point by Point
Soul
Spirit
What it governs
Mind, will, emotions, personality - your inner life and identity.
Your capacity to know and commune with God directly.
Shared with animals?
Genesis describes animals as having 'nephesh' (living souls) too.
Spirit in this specific sense is presented as unique to humans, made in God's image.
Scriptural distinction
"Soul" and "spirit" are often used together but Hebrews 4:12 treats them as distinguishable.
The Word of God is described as able to divide 'soul and spirit.'
Scripture References
Dividing Soul and Spirit
Hebrews 4:1212 For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.
The clearest verse distinguishing the two as separate, though closely joined, aspects of a person.
Body, Soul, and Spirit
1 Thessalonians 5:2323 And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Paul's benediction treats spirit, soul, and body as three distinguishable (though unified) parts of a person.
More Theology Comparisons
Explore more Bible comparisons, or ask a Bible question.