Genesis 38 KJV
Judah and Tamar
Genesis Chapter 38: Judah and Tamar
The interruption of the Joseph narrative in Genesis 38 functions to preserve the messianic Judahite line through Tamar's initiative, directly linking to Perez's appearance in Matthew 1 and Ruth 4 as the forebear of David.
1nd it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
2 And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3 And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4 And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5 And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6 And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
7 And Er, Judahโs firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.
8 And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brotherโs wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
9 And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brotherโs wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
10 And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.
11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy fatherโs house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her fatherโs house.
12 And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judahโs wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13 And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
14 And she put her widowโs garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
15 When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
16 And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
17 And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18 And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
19 And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the womanโs hand: but he found her not.
21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23 And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
24 And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
25 When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
28 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29 And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
30 And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
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Did You Know?
The interruption of the Joseph narrative in Genesis 38 functions to preserve the messianic Judahite line through Tamar's initiative, directly linking to Perez's appearance in Matthew 1 and Ruth 4 as the forebear of David.
Tamar's use of a veil and the exchange of Judah's signet, cord, and staff reflect ancient Near Eastern legal customs for surrogate levirate unions, where such tokens authenticated paternity claims in the absence of written contracts.
Onan's refusal is not a general condemnation of contraception but a specific violation of levirate duty to raise an heir for his deceased brother, underscoring the economic stakes of inheritance in patrilineal Canaanite-Israelite society.
Judah's condemnation of Tamar to burning (a punishment typically reserved for priestly daughters in Leviticus 21) reveals his inconsistent application of Canaanite versus emerging Israelite sexual ethics, which he later acknowledges by declaring her 'more righteous.'
The midwife's declaration at the twins' birth ('this breach be upon thee') etymologically foreshadows Perez's name while inverting the expected primogeniture, positioning the 'breaker' as the chosen ancestor over Zerah in a recurring Genesis motif of younger sons receiving the blessing.
Commentary & Study Notes Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871) ยท Public Domain at that time โ a formula frequently used by the sacred writers, not to describe any precise period, but an interval near about it.
Classic verse-by-verse commentary on Genesis 38 from Jamieson, Fausset & Brown (1871). Covers: Judah and family.
- 1
- at that time โ a formula frequently used by the sacred writers, not to describe any precise period, but an interval near about it.
- 2
- And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite โ Like Esau [Ge 26:34], this son of Jacob, casting off the restraints of religion, married into a Canaanite family; and it is not surprising that the family which sprang from such an unsuitable connection should be infamous for bold and unblushing wickedness.
Read all 6 notes on Genesis 38 โ